Microservices Architecture
Microservices is an architectural style that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled, independently deployable services.
Key Concepts
Architecture Principles
- Single Responsibility: Each service has one business capability
- Independence: Services can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently
- Decentralization: Each service manages its own data
- Fault Isolation: Failure in one service doesn’t affect others
Communication Patterns
- Synchronous: HTTP/REST, gRPC
- Asynchronous: Message queues, event-driven
- Service Discovery: Dynamic service location
- API Gateway: Single entry point for clients
Data Management
- Database per Service: Each service owns its data
- Event Sourcing: Store events instead of state
- CQRS: Separate read and write models
- Saga Pattern: Distributed transaction management
Common Interview Questions
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of microservices?
- How does microservices differ from monolithic architecture?
- Explain service discovery and its importance
- How to handle distributed transactions in microservices?
- What is the API Gateway pattern?
- How to implement inter-service communication?
- Explain the concept of circuit breakers
- How to handle data consistency across services?
- What are the different deployment strategies?
- How to implement monitoring and observability?
- Explain the concept of service mesh
- How to handle authentication and authorization?
- What are the challenges of microservices testing?
- How to implement event-driven architecture?